The influence of the benthic frontal zone on acoustic wave propagation in the ocean and evaluation of the possibilities of its ray tomography

The specificity of ray trajectories in the presence of a benthic front, which is the boundary between the Antarctic deep and bottom waters, has been considered. Deep-water “noncanonical” caustic surfaces confined to the front have been found. The ability to reconstruct a sound velocity profile in the benthic frontal zone has been evaluated using methods of ray tomography in the ocean. A possible reconstruction of the profile using a horizontal displacement of the receiving antenna or transmitter at relatively small depths has been shown. Original Russian Text ? V.S. Ivanov, P.N. Kravchun, 2009, published in Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Fizika, 2009, No. 2, pp. 92–97.     

Experimental study of sound propagation in a street

This paper presents an experimental study of the sound propagation in a street, performed during July 2002, in order to measure impulse responses at numerous locations in a street canyon, and, for several positions of the sound source. A specific attention has been paid on the processing of the experimental data, in order to obtain accurate values of the reverberation time and the steady-state sound pressure level, including also the compensation of the atmospheric attenuation. In total, 11 592 useful data have been collected during this experiment, and are available by contacting the corresponding author. Reverberation times and sound levels, in the narrow street, are then analyzed and compared, for the 4 source positions in the street. This experimental study gives interesting results on the behavior of the sound field in the street.     

高频地波雷达海洋表面流测量误差分析

针对高频地波海态雷达测量精度问题,结合2005年8月浙江省东海海域得到的高频地波海洋表面状态监测雷达OSMAR2003的遥感测量数据,以及多普勒流速剖面测量仪的现场测量数据,通过误差分析理论对高频地波雷达海洋表面流测量精度以及误差来源做了分析.分析过程综合考虑了海流的运动特性,结果表明剖面流场的不均匀性分布及流场剖面结构的时间变化率是影响高频地波雷达径向流速测量误差的两个重要因素,通过去除其影响能有效提高测量精度.     

Structural-borne acoustics analysis and multi-objective optimization by using panel acoustic participation and response surface methodology

This paper is aimed to investigate the structural-borne acoustics analysis and multi-objective optimization of an enclosed box structure by using the panel acoustic participation (PAP) and response surface methodology (RSM). The acoustic frequency response function is applied to achieve the critical frequency of interest under each excitation. The PAP analysis is then carried out at all critical frequencies and the remarkable acoustic panels are identified. The correlation coefficient matrix method is proposed for reselecting and grouping the positions of acoustic panels identified to paste damping layer to control noise. With the help of faced central composite design, an efficient set of sample points are generated and then the second-order polynomial functions of sound pressure response at each critical frequency are computed and verified by the adjusted coefficient of multiple determination. The functional relationships between sound pressure responses and the thicknesses of damping layers are investigated, and multi-objective optimization of the thicknesses of damping layers is developed. The results indicate that, by using the PAP and RSM, the structural-borne acoustics at critical frequencies are calculated conveniently and controlled effectively. The optimization process of the explicit optimization model proposed in this paper is simple and the computational time is saved.     

Electromagnetic backscattering from one-dimensional drifting fractal sea surface I: Wave-current coupled model

To study the electromagnetic backscattering from a one-dimensional drifting fractal sea surface, a fractal sea surface wave-current model is derived, based on the mechanism of wave-current interactions. The numerical results show the effect of the ocean current on the wave. Wave amplitude decreases, wavelength and kurtosis of wave height increase, spectrum intensity decreases and shifts towards lower frequencies when the current occurs parallel to the direction of the ocean wave. By comparison, wave amplitude increases, wavelength and kurtosis of wave height decrease, spectrum intensity increases and shifts towards higher frequencies if the current is in the opposite direction to the direction of ocean wave. The wave-current interaction effect of the ocean current is much stronger than that of the nonlinear wave-wave interaction. The kurtosis of the nonlinear fractal ocean surface is larger than that of linear fractal ocean surface. The effect of the current on skewness of the probability distribution function is negligible. Therefore, the ocean wave spectrum is notably changed by the surface current and the change should be detectable in the electromagnetic backscattering signal.     

有界大洋对纬向风强迫的响应及共振

为揭示北太平洋主、次要气候模态即太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)和北太平洋流涡振荡(NPGO)的形成机理及其振荡周期与大洋水平尺度之间的联系,采用中纬β通道中的约化重力准平衡线性大洋模型,解析求解了纬向风强迫下的大洋流场响应,讨论了其中的共振问题.1)有界大洋的响应形态分别类似于冬季PDO和NPGO的流场模.2)响应形态分别表现为在大洋西海岸以东,前者有一个椭圆状流涡,后者有南北两个旋转方向相反的流涡并构成流涡偶;在整个大洋,前者有一个洋盆尺度环流,后者在大洋南北分别有两个旋转方向相反的洋盆尺度环流;在中纬度西风急流异常位置偏北和偏南,则能分别强迫出以上的两种情况.3)大洋流场对纬向风场强迫的响应频率(周期)与纬向风强迫频率(周期)相同,但大洋响应要滞后于纬向风的强迫;而响应流场即流函数的强度则与纬向风强迫的大小成正比.当纬向风强迫频率(周期)与该大洋固有频率(周期)相同时,二者会有共振发生,此时大洋响应最为强烈;而二者频率(周期)相差较远时,响应则不大.摩擦越小共振就越强,共振的个数也越多.有界大洋东西向的长度对其固有频率(周期)即共振频率(周期)有明显影响,并起着决定作用;当该长度减小时,相邻两个共振周期的间隔会增大.海洋大气间的两两非线性相互作用,使得随机风场的振荡包含了从极低频到高频的各种成分;通过该共振,可从中挑选出与大洋固有频率相同或相近的共振频率,在该频率上流场对风场的响应最为强烈,从而也就锁定了PDO和NPGO的周期.最终结论为:非线性相互作用、风场对流场的强迫、共振是造成PDO和NPGO的三个关键因子;该解析解的性质为时变的共振Rossby波.     

金属材料疲劳损伤检测的非线性声学方法*

金属材料的疲劳损伤有前期、后期两个阶段,前期疲劳损伤主要来源于位错,而随着疲劳程度的不断加深,位错密度也不断的增加,这将导致疲劳后期微裂纹的产生。这两个阶段产生声学非线性效应的机理不同,分别用位错模型、微裂纹模型对其产生非线性效应的机理进行了阐述,并对不同阶段的疲劳试样进行了相关实验研究。实验结果表明:对于材料早期疲劳损伤,随着疲劳程度的增加,其接收声波信号中的非线性谐波成分越来越显著,并且随着激励电压的增加,非线性效应更加明显,因此可用接收信号中的谐波激发情况来评估材料的早期疲劳损伤程度。而对于材料疲劳后期出现微裂纹后,其产生的非线性与早期疲劳损伤相比,谐波成分更加丰富,并且随激励电压的增加谐波幅度增加明显,可据此来判断材料中的疲劳损伤阶段。     

空腔非局域反应声衬传播特性研究

本文对声波在空腔非局域反应声衬管道内的传播进行了研究。特征方程通过声衬内和管道内两部分声场的耦合求解得到,并采用积分方法对特征方程积分求解,通过模态匹配的方法建立并求解了有限长管道非局域反应声衬的声辐射数值模型,展示了在管道消声主动控制方面的应用潜力。     

Absorbing Boundary Conditions

Absorbing boundary conditions for computational aeroacoustics (CAA) are reviewed. Commonly used absorbing zonal techniques, such as sponge layers and buffer zones, as well as perfectly matched layers (PML) are discussed. The basic ideas and central results of these methods are surveyed and summarized. Special attention will be given to the recently emerged PML technique and its application to CAA. Numerical examples are presented for PML in duct acoustics. A comparison of PML and non-PML absorbing boundary conditions will also be given.     

海洋环境下的材料摩擦学研究进展与展望

海洋是人类赖以生存的载体,与人类未来发展休戚与共.海洋科学领域的发展常常依赖于海洋专用材料的研究和展.海洋极端环境下的摩擦磨损是制约海洋材料应用与推广的关键问题之一,主要表现在材料在海洋苛刻环境下的腐蚀行为、电化学腐蚀以及材料在载荷和腐蚀环境下的耦合摩擦学行为.本文中分析了海洋环境的特点及其关键摩擦学问题,阐述了海洋环境下的材料摩擦学的研究内涵,对金属材料、高分子材料、陶瓷材料在海洋环境下的摩擦学问题进行了探讨,并结合海洋材料摩擦学现有研究进展及发展趋势,对海洋环境下的材料摩擦学相关研究前景进行了展望.